Loobani AcademyAbstract
Parvovirus is a highly contagious viral disease that causes intestinal necrosis and mucosal hemorrhage in dogs. It is mainly divided into enteritis type and myocarditis type. This infectious disease has the characteristics of high infectivity, and high fatality rate in dogs and the features of lifelong detoxification after the infected person is cured. This is very dangerous for puppies who have not been vaccinated shortly after birth. Its clinical normality mainly causes loss of appetite, vomiting, hemorrhagic diarrhea, and rapid dehydration in dogs. Sick dogs are the primary source of infection. The virus is transmitted mainly through contact with feces, urine, saliva, and vomit of sick dogs, and the disease can occur all year round.
This article is the clinical diagnosis and treatment of canine parvovirus enteritis-type cases organized as follows.
1: Case Information
Parvovirus is a highly contagious viral disease that causes intestinal necrosis and mucosal hemorrhage in dogs. It is mainly divided into enteritis type and myocarditis type. This infectious disease has the characteristics of high infectivity, and high fatality rate in dogs and the features of lifelong detoxification after the infected person is cured. This is very dangerous for puppies who have not been vaccinated shortly after birth. Its clinical normality mainly causes loss of appetite, vomiting, hemorrhagic diarrhea, and rapid dehydration in dogs. Sick dogs are the primary source of infection. The virus is transmitted mainly through contact with feces, urine, saliva, and vomit of sick dogs, and the disease can occur all year round.
This article is the clinical diagnosis and treatment of canine parvovirus enteritis-type cases organized as follows.
2: Medical History Investigation
1. Medical problems: loss of appetite, spitting up milk, diarrhea, lack of energy, lethargy
2.Main statement: The 30-day-old dog was taken back to the warehouse by the bitch to raise. The puppy has already been able to eat the soft milk cake food soaked in milk. On the fourth day after arriving home, my appetite and spirit deteriorated. On the fifth day, it only drank milk and would vomit. He started to have diarrhea at night, didn’t eat anything on the sixth day, was in poor spirits, and was inactive. After feeding probiotics, it didn’t see any improvement. On the seventh day, the owner brought the puppy back to the mother dog to drink breast milk. After drinking it, it still vomited and had no appetite. The owner brought the puppy to the hospital on the eighth day for treatment. No vaccinations and deworming were done, and the diet was not changed.
3: Physical Examination
1. Overall inspection
BCS: 4/9, good body condition, messy fur, no dander, dehydration level 5, normal limbs and bones
2. General inspection
BW: 1.6KG T: 38.1℃ HR: 140/min RR: 40/min
3. System check
Auscultation of heart and lung sounds was expected, with palpation of mild pain in the abdomen and resistance.
4. Laboratory examination
Inspection items: blood routine, acute reaction protein, canine parvovirus antigen detection, stool microscopy
Check Item | Check Result | Reference Range |
WBC | 11.6*10^9/L | 6.0-17.0 |
LYMPH | 3.1*10^9/L | 0.8-5.1 |
MON | 0.5*10^9/L | 0.0-1.9 |
GRAN | 8.0*10^9/L | 4.0-12.6 |
LYMPH% | 26.8% | 12.0-30.0 |
MON% | 4.2% | 2.0-9.0 |
GRAN% | 69% | 60.0-83.0 |
RBC | 4.21*10^12/L | 5.50-8.50 |
HGB | 86g/L | 110-190 |
HCT | 29.8% | 39.0-56.0 |
MCV | 71fL | 62.0-72.0 |
MCH | 20.4pg | 20.0-25.0 |
MCHC | 288g/L | 300-380 |
RDW | 14.7% | 11.0-15.5 |
PLT | 122*10^9/L | 117-460 |
MPV | 10.9fL | 7.0-12.9 |
PDW | 18.1 |
|
PCT | 0.131% |
|
EOS% | 1.7% |
Acute Response Protein
Check Item | Check Result | Reference Range |
CRP | 41mg/L | ＜20mg/L |
Canine Parvocoronavirus Antigen
Check Item | Check Result |
Canine Parvovirus Antigen（CPV ag） | + |
Canine Coronavirus Antigen（CCV ag） | – |
Microscopic examination of stool
Blood routine red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit decrease indicate anemia in young animals. Acute reaction protein increases indicate moderate acute inflammatory infection, positive canine parvovirus antigen indicates parvovirus infection, and canine coronavirus antigen is negative. Microscopic examination of feces showed no obvious parasite eggs, increased bacilli, and active intestinal bacilli.
4: Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis: canine parvovirus infection + anemia
Treatment:
2022.12.21 Dehydration 5 times, vomiting five times, diarrhea two times, poor spirits
1.10.9%NACL 20ML+Omeprazole 5MG intravenous infusion 5ML/H
1.2LRS30ML+50%GS0.5ML+coenzyme A0.2ML+energy group each 0.2ML intravenous infusion 8ML/H
1.3 0.9%NACL20ML+Ceftriaxone 0.2ML intravenous infusion 5ML/H
1.4 5%GS30ML+Albumin 2.5ML Intravenous infusion 5ML/H
1.5 LRS40ML+compound vitamin B0.2ML intravenous infusion 5ML/H
1.6 Subcutaneous injection of interferon 100U
1.7 Small monoclonal antibody 1/2 subcutaneous injection
2022.12.22 Vomiting 2 times, diarrhea one time, normal energy, appetite
2.1 0.9%NACL 20ML+Omeprazole 5MG intravenous infusion 5ML/H
2.2 LRS30ML+coenzyme A0.2ML+energy group each 0.2ML intravenous infusion 8ML/H
2.3 0.9%NACL20ML+Ceftriaxone 0.2ML intravenous infusion 5ML/H
2.4 5%GS30ML+Albumin 2.5ML Intravenous infusion 5ML/H
2.5 LRS20ML+compound vitamin B0.2ML intravenous infusion 5ML/H
2.6 Subcutaneous injection of interferon 100U
2.7 Small monoclonal antibody 1/2 subcutaneous injection
2022.12.23 No vomiting, no stool, slightly better spirits, appetite
3.1 0.9%NACL 20ML+Omeprazole 5MG intravenous infusion 5ML/H
3.2 LRS30ML+coenzyme A0.2ML+energy group each 0.2ML intravenous infusion 8ML/H
3.3 0.9%NACL20ML+Ceftriaxone 0.2ML intravenous infusion 5ML/H
3.4 5%GS30ML+albumin 2.5ML intravenous infusion 5ML/H
3.5 LRS20ML+compound vitamin B0.2ML intravenous infusion 5ML/H
3.6 Subcutaneous injection of interferon 100U
3.7 Small monoclonal antibody 1/2 subcutaneous injection
3.8 Feed a small amount of milk foam milk cake food
2022.12.24 No vomiting, soft stools, normal spirit, appetite
4.1 0.9%NACL 20ML+omeprazole 5MG intravenous infusion 5ML/H
4.2 LRS20ML+compound vitamin B0.2ML intravenous infusion 5ML/H
4.3 0.9%NACL20ML + ceftriaxone 0.2ML intravenous infusion 5ML/H,
4.4 LRS30ML+coenzyme A0.2ML+energy group each 0.2ML intravenous infusion 8ML/H
4.5 Subcutaneous injection of interferon 100U
4.6 Small monoclonal antibody 1/2 subcutaneous injection
4.7 Feeding milk foam milk cake food
2022.12.25 No vomiting, soft stools, normal mental appetite
5.1 0.9%NACL 20ML+Omeprazole 5MG intravenous infusion 5ML/H
5.2 LRS20ML+compound vitamin B0.2ML intravenous infusion 5ML/H
5.3 0.9%NACL20ML + ceftriaxone 0.2ML intravenous infusion 5ML/H,
5.4 LRS30ML+coenzyme A0.2ML+energy group each 0.2ML intravenous infusion 8ML/H
5.5 Subcutaneous injection of interferon 100U
5.6 Small monoclonal antibody 1/2 subcutaneous injection
5.7 Feeding milk foam milk cake food
2022.12.26.27 No vomiting, basically normal stool, normal mental appetite
1. Ceftriaxone 0.2ML subcutaneous injection
2. Subcutaneous injection of interferon 100U
3. Probiotics
4. Prescription food for puppy intestines
5. Blood-enriching Ganjing Oral Liquid
5: Precautions
1. In the early stage of treatment, it is necessary to fast for food and water in the severe stage of vomiting of sick dogs to avoid the aggravation of symptoms.
2. If blood in the stool occurs during treatment, hemostatic drugs such as Zhixuemin, Baquting, etc., can be used.
3. Effectively control vomiting, diarrhea, and inflammation symptoms as early as possible.
4. Rehydration needs to be adjusted according to the dehydration situation of the sick dog on the day to reasonably correct the water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance.
5. During the treatment period, keep warm and feed liquid food when there is no vomiting symptom, and gradually return to normal.
6. During the treatment period, due to the rapid development of viral infection, it is easy to develop secondary intussusception or pancreatitis, leading to aggravation. Communicating with the pet owner about the mortality and complications is necessary.
6: Prognosis
After a week of hospitalization, he was discharged from the hospital. Its appetite and bowel movements were regular. It returned to recuperate the stomach with probiotics and transitioned the puppies to intestinal prescription food. The prognosis was good.
Hospitalized Picture
7: Disease pathogenesis and prevention
Canine parvovirus is caused by canine parvovirus type 2 of the family Parvoviridae and the genus Parvovirus. Parvovirus replication depends on specific functions of the host cell, and it can only cause effective infection before the most vigorous DNA synthesis period of cell division. This may be caused by contact with the urine, feces, and saliva of sick dogs or carrying dogs. Its vomit is detoxified, causing food and drinking water pollution, and healthy animals without immunity are infected with the disease through the digestive tract. The virus replicates in the lymphoid tissues of the oropharynx, mesentery, and thymus. It diffuses to the small intestine’s crypt cells through viremia, which occurs 1-5 days after infection. Virus detoxification begins 3-4 days after infection, and a large amount of detoxification can last for 7-10 days. Puppies aged 2-6 months are most susceptible, and the mortality rate is as high as 50-100%. According to the characteristics of dogs, such as frequent vomiting, diarrhea, severe hemorrhagic diarrhea, and dehydration, the disease should be highly suspected. Some affected dogs may be infected with coronavirus at the same time, so they need to be checked at the same time.
Prevention:
1. Get vaccinated on time
2. Newly changed environment Animals need a nutritious diet to enhance body resistance
3. Puppies are recommended to be fully vaccinated before going out for a walk and avoid injection with virus-infected environments or animals
4. Do not take a bath if you have not been vaccinated, and pay attention to keeping warm and cold.
