Loobani AcademyAbstract
Canine coronavirus (CCV) is divided into gastrointestinal type and respiratory type. Canine gastrointestinal coronavirus disease is a highly contagious infectious disease characterized by canine gastroenteritis caused by coronavirus. It is clinically characterized by acute vomiting, diarrhea and dehydration. Canine respiratory coronavirus is different from enteritis-type coronavirus. It is common in the early stage of canine infectious respiratory disease, mainly invading the upper respiratory tract and causing mild respiratory symptoms. It is prone to mixed infection with other respiratory pathogens clinically. Sick dogs and virus-carrying dogs are the main sources of infection, and the transmission channel is fecal-oral transmission. The mortality rate is less than 10%. Most of the deaths are due to young age or poor body condition and no active treatment. Dehydration and anorexia cause death.
In this article, canine enteritis-type coronavirus infection is mainly treated with active treatment and the prognosis is good. The cases are arranged as follows.
1:Case information
1. Name: Seven Seven
2. Variety: Pomeranian
3. Age: 1 year old
4. Gender: Female
5. Visiting time: 2022.10.2
2:Medical history investigation
1. Treatment problems: vomiting, diarrhea, lack of energy, loss of appetite
2. Chief Complaint: Vomiting for 4 days, 3 times a day on average, vomit from chyme to yellow liquid, diarrhea, watery feces started 2 days ago, usually eating dog food and omnivorous food (meat, snacks, rice, etc.), before the onset After taking a bath, I didn’t blow it dry in time. I bought it and raised it at home for 2 months. I took a vaccine and dewormed it once. The probiotics fed 2 days ago did not improve, and the symptoms worsened.
3:Physical examination
1. Overall inspection
BCS 3/9, lean body condition, prolonged capillary refill time, poor skin tone
2. General inspection
BW: 2.2KG, T: 40℃, HR: 90 times/min RR: 24 times/min, MM: pale
3. System check
Auscultation of the heart rhythm is uniform, no obvious heart murmur, mild abdominal pain on palpation, yellow vomit attached to the mouth, dirty around the anus, dry hair, dehydration assessment 6.
4. Laboratory tests
Check items: blood routine, acute inflammation, stool routine, CPV/CCV antigen test
Blood Routine
|
Project |
Test Result |
Reference Range |
|
WBC |
13.20×10^9/L |
6-16.9 |
|
LYM# |
1.5×10^9/L |
1.1-6.3 |
|
GRA# |
11.70×10^9/L |
3.30-12.00 |
|
RBC |
5.2×10^12/L |
5.50-8.50 |
|
HGB |
10.9g/dl |
12.0-18.0 |
|
HCT |
34.1% |
37.0-55.0 |
|
MCHC |
32.0g/dl |
30.0-36.9 |
|
PLT |
435K/μL |
175-550 |
Acute inflammation
|
Project |
Test Result |
Reference Range |
|
CRP |
121.3mg/L |
<20mg/L |
Routine Stool Examination
1.Floating method: no parasite eggs are seen
2.Fecal smears: Bacillus+++ Coccus+++ Yeast+
CPV/CCV antigen detection
|
Project |
Test Result |
Reference Range |
|
CPV |
– |
0.00 |
|
CCV |
+ |
8.60 |
Blood routine anemia,acute inflammation moderate to severe acute inflammation,a large number of bacteria in stool routine,CCV positive in CCPV antigen test,the diagnosis direction is canine coronavirus infection.
4:Diagnosis and treatment
1.Diagnosis:
Anemia,severe acute inflammation of the intestine, positive for CCV, diagnosed as anemia, positive for canine coronavirus.
2.Treatment plan:
The dogs had relatively severe symptoms of vomiting diarrhea,delayed medical treatment, poor overall body condition,and the immunization program had not yet been completed. In the pre-hospital treatment, the correction of dehydration, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory,anti-viral symptomatic treatment should consider.
3.Treatment prescription:
Day One
1:LRS 60ML+0.6ML KCL IV
2:5%GS 50ML+50%GS 2ML+ATP0.2ML+COA1/4 IV
3:0.9%NS 50ML+Omeprazole 4mg IV
4:Cerenia 0.22ML SC
5:IFN 120IU BID SC
6:Enrofloxacin Injection 0.22ML SC
7:Butorphanol 0.22ML SC
On the first day of hospitalization, food and water were fasted, body temperature and body weight were measured on time, the frequency of vomiting and diarrhea, and the shape and texture of secretions were recorded.
Day Two
Symptoms improved, no vomiting and diarrhea, mental appetite has not recovered, no stool, urination
1:LRS 30ML+KCL 0.3ML IV
2:5%G 40ML+50%GS 2ML+ATP0.22ML+COA1/4 IV
3:0.9%NS 40ML+Omeprazole 4mg IV
4: Cerenia 0.22ML SC
5: IFN 120IU BID SC
6: Enrofloxacin Injection 0.22ML SC
7: Butorphanol 0.22ML SC
8: CATOSAL 0.22ML
Day Three
Symptoms improved, no vomiting and diarrhea, mental appetite recovered, no stool, urination
1:LRS 50ML
2:0.9%NS 40ML+Omeprazole 4mg IV
3:Cerenia 0.22ML SC
4:IFN 120IU BID SC
5:Enrofloxacin Injection 0.22ML SC
6:Butorphanol 0.22ML SC
7:CATOSAL 0.22ML
8:Probiotics PO
9:Intestinal prescription pot PO
10:Blood Supplementing Liver Essence Oral Liquid
Day Four
No vomiting after eating
1:Cerenia 0.22ML SC
2:IFN 120IU BID SC
3:Enrofloxacin Injection 0.22ML SC
4:CATOSAL 0.22ML SC
5:Probiotics PO
6:Intestinal prescription pot PO
7:Intestinal prescription food PO
8:Nourishing Liver Essence Oral Liquid
Day Five
Normal appetite and bowel movements, no vomiting
1:IFN 120IU BID SC
2:Enrofloxacin Injection 0.22ML SC
3:CATOSAL 0.22ML SC
4:Probiotics PO
5:Intestinal prescription pot PO
6:Intestinal prescription food PO
7:Nourishing Liver Essence Oral Liquid
4. The course of treatment
After five days of treatment, the dog was significantly improved, and the spirit and appetite were basically restored in the hospital, and the urine and urination also returned to normal.
5 Treatment Precautions
All communicable diseases require the owner to be informed in advance of death and complications. In the early stage of treatment, the physical condition and dehydration of the animal should be assessed, and the acid-base balance should be corrected in time to avoid the animal being in a critical state. Watch out for complications during treatment. The dose of antibiotics used in young animals must be strictly controlled to avoid adverse effects on the growth and development of animals due to the toxic and side effects of the drugs.
5:Precautions
Canine coronavirus infection is still a relatively common infectious disease in dogs whose immunization procedures have not been completed. After discharge from the hospital, they are mainly fed with intestinal prescription food and intestinal prescription canned food, and combined with probiotics to regulate the gastrointestinal tract and hyperimmune factors to enhance the body Resistance, do not take a bath and do not go out to play during this period, pay attention to keep warm, observe whether there is a recurrence of mental appetite, bowel movements and vomiting after stopping the drug, and return to the doctor one week later.
6:Prognosis
The sick dog was re-examined one week later, and there was no recurrence of the dog. All indicators were normal, and the coronavirus had recovered. In the later stage, it was necessary to complete the immunization program, deworm on time,and do good job in preventive management. Canine coronaviruses generally have a good prognosis with aggressive treatment.
7:Disease pathogenesis and prevention
After oral exposure to susceptible dog 2, the virus reaches the upper duodenum and mainly affects the digestion and absorption cells in 2/3 of the villi of the small intestine. The virus enters the enterocytes between the microvilli by pinocytosis, and is located in the cytoplasmic vacuoles. Buds on smooth membrane. Due to the rupture of the cell membrane, the virus enters the intestinal lumen with the shed infected cells, and then infects the villous epithelial cells of the entire intestinal segment of the small intestine, resulting in short and thick villi, loss of digestive enzymes and intestinal absorption, and vomiting. diarrhea. Subsequently, with the recovery of the structure of the small intestine, the clinical symptoms disappeared, the detoxification was reduced and terminated, and neutralizing antibodies were produced in the serum. At present, there are vaccines that can prevent canine coronavirus. When vaccinating dogs, it is recommended that pet owners choose infectious disease vaccines that are relatively comprehensive to prevent diseases. susceptible animals.
